# Android Themes

# Introduction

Android allows you to set the appearance of your application using themes. A theme specifies default colors, fonts, and images, for an Android activity or an entire application. Your application can use the device's built-in themes, or include custom themes. Titanium's root splash screen activity uses "Theme.Titanium" by default. All other activity windows will use "Theme.MaterialComponents.*" derived theme as of Titanium 9.3.0. Older Titanium versions will use "Theme.AppCompat" for all activity windows.

To update the look of your application, you can either:

• Use a different built-in Android theme

• Use a Titanium-defined theme

• Create a custom theme and define the elements you want to change

• Use the Android Material Theme to quickly customize the theme's color palette

• Use third-party tools to help you generate a custom theme

You can also assign a unique theme to an activity instead which would override the application's assigned theme.

# Titanium material themes

As of Titanium 10.0.0, all of the below are material based themes which support displaying Google's native material widgets/views. You can apply these themes to your application or individual activities instead of creating your own custom theme.

# Titanium material 3 themes

As of Titanium 12.0.0 you can use Material 3 dynamic color themes. Titanium provides some default themes:

You can also use custom themes with a Material 3 parent like this:

<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.Material3.DynamicColors.DayNight" />

# Titanium deprecated themes

The below Titanium defined themes have been deprecated as of 10.0.0. The below should only be used by older Titanium versions.

# Applying Titanium themes

To apply a theme globally, then in the tiapp.xml file you must set the android:theme attribute to the theme name in the <application/> XML element of the Android manifest section. As of Titanium 9.0.0, you can use a Theme.MaterialComponents.* based theme to support Google's material design. Note that Titanium 10.0.0 and higher requires a material based theme or else a runtime error will occur.

For example, do the below to set up a Titanium 10.x.x app to use a dark only theme (ie: do not support dark/light theme switching).

<android xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <manifest>
        <application android:theme="@style/Theme.Titanium.Dark"/>
    </manifest>
</android>

Do the below to set up a Titanium 10.x.x app to not show an action bar, but keep dark/light theme switching.

<android xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <manifest>
        <application android:theme="@style/Theme.Titanium.DayNight.NoTitleBar"/>
    </manifest>
</android>

To change the theme on a per-window basis, set the theme name to a Window's theme property. For Titanium 10.0.0 and higher, you should use a Theme.AppDerived.* based theme since they are based on the theme assigned to <application/>, making it look consistent with other windows. For Titanium versions older than 9.3.0, you should use a Theme.AppCompat.* based theme.

const win = Ti.UI.createWindow({
    theme: "Theme.AppDerived.Fullscreen"
});

# Custom themes

To define custom themes, place the theme XML files with your custom styles in the platform/android/res/values folder. For Titanium SDK 8.x.x and older, do NOT name the file theme.xml since it will overwrite Titanium's built-in theme.xml file. This is not an issue with Titanium 9.0.0 and higher.

Note that you can also define version-specific themes by adding a values-v<version> folder. For example a theme defined under a values-v23 folder will be used for API Level 23 (Android 6) and above. A theme defined under the values-v29 folder will be used for API Level 29 (Android 10) and above.

For example, if you want your theme to be based on the Light theme, create the following theme file:

platform/android/res/values/mytheme.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <!-- Define a custom light based theme. -->
    <!-- Note: For Titanium 9.x.x, use "Theme.MaterialComponents.Light.Bridge" instead. -->
    <!-- Note: For Titanium 8.x.x and older, use "Theme.AppCompat.Light" instead. -->
    <style name="Theme.MyTheme" parent="@style/Theme.Titanium.Light">
        <item name="colorPrimary">#c91326</item>
        <item name="colorPrimaryDark">#900000</item>
        <item name="colorAccent">#c91326</item>
        <item name="android:textColorPrimary">#000000</item>
        <item name="android:statusBarColor">#c91326</item>
        <item name="android:navigationBarColor">#c91326</item>
    </style>
</resources>

If you want to support dark/light theme switching, then add the following under values-night to define a custom dark theme. This is supported as of Titanium 10.0.0.

platform/android/res/values/colors.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <style name="Theme.MyTheme" parent="@style/Theme.Titanium.Dark">
        <item name="colorPrimary">#d5544b</item>
        <item name="colorAccent">#d5544b</item>
    </style>
</resources>

To use the above custom "Theme.MyTheme" in your application, modify the Android section of your tiapp.xml file:

<android xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <manifest>
        <application android:theme="@style/Theme.MyTheme"/>
    </manifest>
</android>

Refer to Android Developers: Styles and Themes (opens new window) for detailed information on customizing items.

# Override a theme

If you have a global theme set, the application can override the theme for a window or activity, or if you want to specify a custom theme for a specific window or activity.

# Override a window theme

Use the theme property to override the global theme for an individual window. Set the property to the name of the theme you want to apply to the window. The property can only be set when creating the Window object and cannot be changed after it is set. For Titanium 10.0.0 and higher, you should use one of the Theme.AppDerived.* based themes since they are based on the theme assigned to <application/>, making it look consistent with other windows. For Titanium 9.3.x, use a Theme.Titanium.* based theme. For older Titanium versions, you should use a Theme.AppCompat.* based theme.

const win = Ti.UI.createWindow({
    theme: "Theme.AppDerived.Fullscreen"
});

# Override an activity theme

As you can see in the previous examples, an application-wide theme can be specified in the <application> element of your tiapp.xml file, but it can also be overridden on a per-activity basis. These activities are defined in the AndroidManifest.xml file, generated by the build process. You can find the generated AndroidManifest.xml file in the build/android folder under your project folder. Inside the AndroidManifest.xml, you'll find code like this:

<activity android:name=".ThemetestActivity" android:theme="@style/Theme.Titanium">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name="org.appcelerator.titanium.TiActivity"/>
<activity android:name="org.appcelerator.titanium.TiTranslucentActivity" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.AppDerived.Translucent"/>

To override the theme for one of these activities, copy the activity definition into the tiapp.xml file, and place it inside the <android><manifest> element. The <activity> element must be nested inside an <application> element, as in the original AndroidManifest.xml file. The end result should look something like this:

<android xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <manifest>
        <application>
            <!-- Override the root splash screen activity's theme. -->
            <activity android:name=".ThemetestActivity" android:theme="@style/Theme.MyTheme">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
                </intent-filter>
            </activity>
        </application>
    </manifest>
</android>

# Android Material themes

As of Titanium 9.3.0, apps use the Theme.MaterialComponents.Bridge by default. You do not need to create your own theme.

For older Titanium SDK versions, you'll need to create a custom theme. For 9.0.0 and above, it should be extend a Theme.MaterialComponents.* based theme. For Titanium 8.x.x and older, it should extend a Theme.AppCompat.* based theme.

With a material based theme, you'll be able to set additional color palette attributes.

# Example

The following XML file below defines a theme that extends a material based theme and applies additional color palette attributes. This theme was applied to the application in the previous screen shot.

platform/android/res/values/custom_theme.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <!-- For Titanium 9.x.x, use "Theme.MaterialComponents.Bridge" instead. -->
    <!-- For Titanium 8.x.x and older, use "Theme.AppCompat" instead. -->
  <style name="MyMaterialTheme" parent="@style/Theme.MaterialComponents">
      <item name="colorPrimary">#1565C0</item>
      <item name="colorPrimaryDark">#0D47A1</item>
      <item name="colorAccent">#FF80AB</item>
      <item name="colorControlNormal">#757575</item>
      <item name="colorControlActivated">#FF6E40</item>
      <item name="colorControlHighlight">#FF4081</item>
      <item name="colorSwitchThumbNormal">#BDBDBD</item>
      <item name="android:colorButtonNormal">#BDBDBD</item>
      <item name="android:colorEdgeEffect">#FF4081</item>
  </style>
</resources>

# Theme comparison

The following table compares the same application when using different Android versions and themes. Note that the Android 4.4. screenshots use the old style toggle button due to Android bug #78262 (opens new window).

Example Material Theme / Android 5.0	Example Material Theme / Android 4.4	Default AppCompat / Android 4.4

# Material theme further reading

• Android Developer: Using Material Theme (opens new window)

• Android Developers Blog: AppCompat v21 — Material Design for Pre-Lollipop Devices! (opens new window)

• Google Design Guidelines: Style - Color (opens new window)

# Android AppCompat themes

Android provides some built-in themes to easily change the overall appearance of your application. To use a built-in theme, you need to create a theme XML file for your project, specify the built-in theme you want to use, and reference it in the Android manifest section of your tiapp.xml file.

First, create a theme XML file in ./platform/android/res/values. For Titanium SDK 8.x.x and older, do NOT name the file theme.xml since it will overwrite Titanium's built-in theme.xml file. This is not an issue with Titanium 9.0.0 and higher.

In the theme XML file, add the theme you want to use. Themes defined by the Android system, excluding the AppCompat ones, are prefaced with @android:style (for example, @android:style/Theme.Translucent). Custom themes defined by the application are prefaced with @style (for example, @style/Theme.MyTheme). For example, the file below adds support for some of the common built-in Android themes.

platform/android/res/values/builtin_themes.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  <style name="LightDarkBar" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"/>
  <style name="Light" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light"/>
  <style name="Dark" parent="Theme.AppCompat"/>
</resources>

Finally, to use a theme in your application, modify the Android section of your tiapp.xml file to reference the style name you want to use:

<android xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <manifest>
        <application android:theme="@style/LightDarkBar"/>
    </manifest>
</android>

The screenshots below show the difference between the various built-in themes:

AppCompat.Light	AppCompat/Holo	AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar

# Further reading

• Android Developers: Styles and Themes (opens new window)